Gamma Knife Radiosurgery is a non-invasive neurosurgical technique that uses precisely focused beams of radiation to treat various neurological conditions, including brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and trigeminal neuralgia. Unlike traditional surgery, it doesn't require an incision or craniotomy (opening the skull). 

Key Features and Benefits:

1. Non-invasive: The procedure doesn't involve any cuts or opening the skull, reducing the risk of infection, bleeding, and neurological complications.

2. Precision: Gamma Knife uses a stereotactic system to target a specific area within the brain with sub-millimeter accuracy, minimizing harm to surrounding healthy tissue.

3. Single Session Treatment: The procedure is typically completed in a single session, allowing for faster recovery and a return to normal routines.

4. Versatility: Gamma Knife can treat a variety of conditions, including both benign and malignant tumors, vascular malformations, and functional disorders.

5. FDA Approved: Gamma Knife surgery is the only technique approved by the FDA for treating brain metastases.

6. Minimally Invasive: It is often a preferred option for conditions that are difficult to access or treat with traditional surgery.

7. Cost-Effective: The cost of stereotactic radiosurgery is often less than traditional radiosurgery. 

Commonly Treated Conditions:

1. Brain tumors: Both benign and malignant brain tumors can be treated using Gamma Knife.

2. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs): AVMs are abnormal blood vessel tangles in the brain that can be treated with Gamma Knife.

3. Trigeminal neuralgia: This condition causes intense facial pain and can be managed with Gamma Knife.

4. Acoustic neuroma: A noncancerous tumor on the nerve controlling balance and hearing can be treated.

5. Pituitary tumors: Tumors of the pituitary gland can be managed with Gamma Knife.

6. Other conditions: Gamma Knife can also be used for functional disorders, epilepsy, and other neurological conditions

How it Works:

The patient is positioned under a stereotactic frame, which is used to precisely locate the target area in the brain. Gamma rays, a form of high-energy radiation, are then focused on the target area.

The radiation damages the DNA of the cells within the target area, preventing further growth or development.

The procedure is typically completed in a single session, and the patient can usually return home within a few days.